Editor’s Note: This is the fifth in a series of “Talking to Tech” articles about Religious “Liter-AI-cy” in the emerging age of artificial intelligence. Our writer is interviewing various AI technologies about major world religions to ascertain the quality of the AI on the topic of religion.

This week on our Talking to Tech series, we interviewed ChatGPT on some of the Eastern religions. Like last time, the aim of the interview was to compare and contrast the core tenets and practices of each one. ChatGPT also shared a few of its “thoughts” on yoga and how it relates to Hinduism. Check it out:

Q: Hey ChatGPT, could I ask you a few questions about Eastern faiths?

A: Of course! I’ll do my best to help you with your questions about polytheistic faiths. Please go ahead and ask me anything you’d like to know.

Q: What are the main tenets of Hinduism?

Hinduism, one of the world’s oldest religions, encompasses a diverse range of beliefs and practices. Its main tenets include:

1. Dharma: Upholding moral and ethical duties and responsibilities.

2. Karma: The belief in the consequences of actions and the cycle of cause and effect.

3. Samsara: The belief in the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth.

4. Moksha: The ultimate goal of liberation from the cycle of rebirth through self-realization and union with the divine.

5. Polytheism: Worship of multiple deities, including Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, and various goddesses.

6. Vedas and Upanishads: Sacred texts that guide spiritual knowledge and understanding.

7. Ahimsa: Practicing non-violence and compassion towards all living beings.

8. Yoga and meditation: Spiritual practices aimed at attaining self-realization and union with the divine.

Please note that this is a concise summary, and Hinduism encompasses a vast array of beliefs, practices, and cultural variations.

Q: So is yoga a distinctly Hindu practice?

A: Yoga, while often associated with Hinduism, is not exclusively a Hindu practice. It originated in ancient India and has deep connections to Hindu philosophy and spirituality. Many of the early yogic texts, such as the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, are rooted in Hindu philosophy and incorporate concepts like meditation, self-realization, and union with the divine. However, over time, yoga has transcended religious boundaries and gained popularity worldwide as a physical, mental and spiritual practice.

Q: Why is yoga associated with Hinduism?

A: Yoga is associated with Hinduism primarily because of its historical origins and its deep integration with Hindu philosophy, scriptures, and spiritual practices. The early development of yoga can be traced back to ancient Indian traditions, including the Vedic period and the emergence of Hindu philosophical systems such as Vedanta and Samkhya.

The foundational texts of yoga, such as the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, the Bhagavad Gita, and the Hatha Yoga Pradipika, are rooted in Hindu philosophical concepts and often reference Hindu deities, rituals, and spiritual goals. These texts provide guidance on ethical living, meditation techniques, and paths to spiritual liberation.

Furthermore, many ancient yogic practices were traditionally passed down within Hindu lineages and taught within the framework of Hindu spiritual traditions. This historical association between yoga and Hinduism has contributed to their close relationship and the perception of yoga as a Hindu practice.

Q: How is yoga integrated within Hindu philosophy, scriptures and spiritual practices?

A: Yoga is integrated within Hindu philosophy, scriptures, and spiritual practices in several ways. Hindu philosophy provides the conceptual framework for yoga, emphasizing the paths to self-realization and union with the divine. The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, a key yogic text, outlines the eight-fold path of Ashtanga Yoga, which includes moral disciplines, physical postures (asanas), breath control (pranayama), concentration, meditation, and Samadhi (enlightenment). These practices align with Hindu concepts like Dharma, Karma, and Moksha. Hindu scriptures, such as the c, also incorporate yogic principles and teachings, presenting yoga as a means of self-transformation and spiritual growth. Within Hinduism, yoga is practiced as a pathway to attain spiritual liberation, deepen devotion, and enhance overall well-being.

Q: How does the concept of karma vary between Hinduism and Buddhism?

A: In Hinduism, Karma refers to the law of cause and effect, where one’s actions, intentions, and choices in this life determine the consequences in future lives. Hinduism believes in an eternal soul (atman) that undergoes the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsara). The ultimate goal is to break free from this cycle and attain moksha (liberation) through self-realization and union with the divine.

In Buddhism, Karma is also understood as the law of cause and effect, but it operates within the context of rebirth (reincarnation) rather than an eternal soul. Buddhism rejects the idea of a permanent self (anatman) and sees individuals as a collection of ever-changing components. The goal is to achieve nirvana, the cessation of suffering, by breaking the cycle of rebirth and transcending the realm of existence altogether.

Q: How do I know if I’m close to this spiritual realization? Either in Buddhism or Hinduism?

A: The attainment of spiritual liberation, whether in Buddhism or Hinduism, is a deeply personal and subjective experience. While it is challenging to provide a definitive answer, there are certain indicators that individuals may consider:

In Hinduism (one might see) a deep sense of inner peace, contentment, and freedom from attachment and desires, an unwavering awareness of one’s true nature and unity with the divine, release from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, with a realization of moksha, (and) living in alignment with dharma, upholding ethical values, and displaying compassion towards all beings.

In Buddhism (you could see) the cessation of suffering and the experience of nirvana, characterized by a profound state of peace, wisdom, and liberation, transcendence of the cycle of rebirth and a release from attachments and cravings, a deep understanding of the true nature of reality, including the impermanence and interdependence of all phenomena, (and) the embodiment of the Noble Eightfold Path and the cultivation of virtues such as compassion, mindfulness, and wisdom.

Q: Is the Noble Eightfold path the points you laid out in the answer to my first question?

A: Apologies for any confusion. The Noble Eightfold Path is a central teaching in Buddhism that outlines the path to the cessation of suffering and the attainment of nirvana…They are:

1. Right View: Developing a correct understanding of the nature of reality, including the Four Noble Truths.

2. Right Intention: Cultivating wholesome intentions and attitudes, such as renunciation, loving-kindness, and non-harming.

3. Right Speech: Practicing truthful, kind, and skillful communication.

4. Right Action: Engaging in ethical conduct and refraining from harmful actions.

5. Right Livelihood: Choosing a livelihood that aligns with ethical principles and promotes well-being.

6. Right Effort: Cultivating wholesome qualities and making an effort to overcome unwholesome states of mind.

7. Right Mindfulness: Cultivating present-moment awareness and mindfulness in all activities.

8. Right Concentration: Developing focused and undistracted mental states through meditation.

Q: How similar is this Eightfold path to the main tenets of Hinduism you laid out in the answer to the first question?

A: While there are some similarities between the Noble Eightfold Path in Buddhism and the main tenets of Hinduism, they are distinct in their emphasis and context. Here’s a comparison:

1. Right View vs. Dharma: Both emphasize the importance of developing a correct understanding of reality and ethical principles. In Hinduism, Dharma encompasses a broader set of moral and ethical duties beyond the scope of Right View.

2. Right Intention vs. Karma: While Right Intention focuses on cultivating wholesome intentions, Karma in Hinduism refers to the law of cause and effect that governs one’s actions and consequences.

3. Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood vs. Dharma and Ahimsa: The principles of Right Speech, Right Action, and Right Livelihood in Buddhism align with the broader concept of Dharma in Hinduism, which encompasses moral and ethical duties. Additionally, Hinduism places significant emphasis on Ahimsa (non-violence) as a core principle.

4. Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, Right Concentration vs. Yoga and Meditation: The cultivation of effort, mindfulness, and concentration in Buddhism is similar to the practices of yoga and meditation in Hinduism. While the goals and techniques may vary, they share a common focus on mental development and spiritual growth.

While these comparisons highlight some similarities, it’s important to recognize that Buddhism and Hinduism are distinct traditions with their own unique teachings and practices…

Q: What is the concept of god in Buddhism?

A: Buddhism, as a philosophical and spiritual tradition, has a distinct perspective on the concept of God. Generally, Buddhism is considered non-theistic or atheistic, as it does not posit a supreme, all-powerful creator deity. Instead, Buddhism places more emphasis on personal responsibility, self-reliance, and individual spiritual development.

In Buddhism, the focus is primarily on understanding and addressing human suffering and the nature of existence. The ultimate goal is to achieve liberation from suffering and attain enlightenment or nirvana.

However, while Buddhism does not have a belief in a creator god, certain Buddhist cultures and traditions have incorporated local deities, spirits, or gods from pre-Buddhist religious contexts. These deities may be revered and worshiped within specific cultural or regional practices, but they are not considered central to Buddhist teachings and the pursuit of liberation.

Q: What about in Hinduism?

A: In Hinduism, the concept of God is diverse and multifaceted. Hinduism recognizes the existence of a supreme, ultimate reality known as Brahman, which is considered formless, limitless, and beyond human comprehension. Brahman is considered the source and essence of all existence.

Hinduism also acknowledges the presence of numerous deities, known as devas or gods, who are considered manifestations or aspects of the divine Brahman. These deities can vary across different Hindu traditions, but some of the widely worshiped deities include Brahma (the creator), Vishnu (the preserver), Shiva (the destroyer), and various forms of the goddess Devi.

The different deities represent different aspects of the divine, and individuals may choose to focus their devotion on a particular deity based on their personal preference, family tradition, or regional customs.

Q: Is there a hierarchy among these gods in Hinduism?

A: In Hinduism, there is a concept of hierarchy among gods, but it is important to note that this hierarchy is not universally agreed upon and can vary across different Hindu traditions and beliefs.

The Trimurti, consisting of Brahma (the creator), Vishnu (the preserver), and Shiva (the destroyer), is often considered a triad of major deities. However, their roles and significance may be interpreted differently by various Hindu sects.

Vishnu and Shiva are widely revered and have large followings, with many devotees considering them as supreme deities. Vishnu is believed to have avatars (incarnations) such as Rama and Krishna, who are also highly venerated…

It’s worth noting that Hinduism’s diverse nature allows for the worship of numerous deities and regional gods, with devotees often showing reverence to the deities of their personal preference or family traditions.

Q: Shifting religions a little bit, what are the main tenets of Shintoism? Are they related to Buddhism or Hinduism at all?

A: Shintoism, the indigenous religion of Japan, has its own unique set of main tenets. The core beliefs and practices of Shintoism include:

1. Kami: The veneration of kami, the spirits or deities believed to reside in natural phenomena, objects, and ancestors.

2. Rituals and Purification: Engaging in various rituals, ceremonies, and purification practices to maintain harmony with the kami and ensure spiritual purity.

3. Connection with Nature: A strong emphasis on the reverence for nature and the belief in its sacredness. Natural features like mountains, rivers, and forests are considered dwelling places of the kami.

4. Ancestor Worship: Honoring and revering ancestors as a means of maintaining a connection with the past and seeking their guidance and protection.

Shintoism is distinct from Buddhism and Hinduism, although there have been historical and cultural interactions between these religions in Japan. Buddhism was introduced to Japan from China and Korea, and it had a significant influence on Shinto practices and beliefs…

Q: How do I become a Shintoist?

A: ​​Becoming a Shintoist typically involves embracing the beliefs, practices, and rituals of Shintoism. While Shintoism is primarily associated with the Japanese culture and people, individuals outside of Japan can still adopt and practice its principles.

Q: Do Buddhists or Shintoists have sacred texts?

A: Both Buddhists and Shintoists have sacred texts that hold significant importance within their respective religious traditions.

In Buddhism, the primary sacred texts are known as the Buddhist scriptures or the Buddhist Canon. These texts are collectively called the Tripitaka (Pali) or the Tipitaka (Sanskrit), which means “Three Baskets.” The Tripitaka is divided into three sections: the Vinaya Pitaka (rules for monastic discipline), the Sutta Pitaka (discourses of the Buddha), and the Abhidhamma Pitaka (philosophical and psychological analysis). Each section contains various sutras (discourses) and teachings attributed to the Buddha and his disciples.

In Shintoism, there is no single central sacred text comparable to the scriptures in other religions. Shinto does not have a founder like Buddhism and lacks a unified doctrine. Instead, Shinto is primarily based on oral traditions, myths, and rituals passed down through generations. Shinto texts, known as the Kojiki (Record of Ancient Matters) and the Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan), are considered valuable historical and mythological records of Japan’s origins and the activities of gods and legendary figures.

Q: What is one of the most important passages from the Buddhist canon and why?

A: The Buddhist canon contains numerous important passages, and the significance of a particular passage can vary depending on the interpretation and the specific Buddhist tradition. However, one widely revered and frequently quoted passage is the Dhammapada, which is considered a key text in Theravada Buddhism…

“Mind precedes all mental states. Mind is their chief; they are all mind-wrought. If one speaks or acts with a pure mind, happiness follows like a shadow that never departs.” (Dhammapada 1:2)

This verse highlights the fundamental role of the mind in shaping one’s experiences and actions. It emphasizes the power of a pure and virtuous mind in cultivating happiness and well-being. It reminds practitioners of the importance of mindfulness, ethical conduct, and the cultivation of wholesome mental states for personal transformation and spiritual progress.

The verse serves as a concise reminder of the profound connection between the quality of one’s mind and the outcomes in life. It underscores the significance of mental purification, ethical behavior, and the potential for happiness and liberation through the disciplined cultivation of the mind.

Rafa Oliveira is an intern with ReligionUnplugged.com covering technology and religion. He is a recent graduate of The King’s College in New York City with a degree in politics, philosophy and economics. He speaks Portuguese, English and Spanish and is an ardent Manchester United Supporter.