(OPINION) All over the world, people – and whole communities – are suffering from persecution purely because of their religion or beliefs. This kind of violence, including attempts to annihilate whole religious groups, is on the rise.

In the past five years alone, there have been two mass atrocities which meet the United Nations’ legal definition of genocide.

Aug. 22, a day specially established by the United Nations to help raise awareness of this discrimination and abuse, shines a light on those dark corners where acts of violence based on religion or belief are a daily reality.

1. Daesh’s reign of terror

In 2014, Daesh (Islamic State, ISIS, ISIL) attacked religious Yazidi and Christian minority groups in Iraq in an attempt to destroy them and establish a purely Islamic state. Daesh’s campaign of terror involved murder, kidnapping, people trafficking, rape, sexual slavery and the destruction of cultural heritage. All this because the victims belonged to different religious groups.

2. The Rohingya crisis

In 2016, atrocities perpetrated by the Burmese military against the Rohingya Muslims in Rakhine state reached the level of genocide, resulting in more than 700,000 people forcibly displaced to Bangladesh in pursuit of a safe haven.

Read more: Rohingya crisis: a year since it shocked the world, what's changed?

As the independent international fact-finding mission on Burma reported, “the nature, scale and organisation of the operations” suggested a level of pre-planning and design on the part of the Tatmadaw (military) leadership". The atrocities reinforced the vision of the commander-in-chief, senior-general Min Aung Hlaing, who sought a solution to what he referred to as “The Bengali problem”.

By the Bengali problem he meant the Rohingya Muslims who for decades have been referred to as illegal immigrants from Bangladesh.

3. Christians in Nigeria

In Nigeria’s Middle Belt, Christians farmers have been slaughtered by Fulani herdsmen, attacks that have claimed hundreds of lives. Meanwhile in northern Nigeria, Boko Haram continues to terrorise the region and kill anyone who does not agree with its perverted ideology.

4. Oppression in China

An estimated one million Uighur Muslims have been detained in so-called “re-education camps” which are designed to strip them of their religious and ethnic identity and replace it with absolute loyalty to the state. Also in China, members of Falun Gong (a religious spiritual practice) are imprisoned and many of them subsequently disappear without a trace.

Read more: The history of China's Muslims and what's behind their persecution

5. Persecution in Pakistan

In Pakistan, religious minorities, including Christians and Ahmadis, are subjected to severe discrimination that often translates into acts of violence perpetrated with impunity. For example a Christian couple, Shahzad and Shama Masih, were beaten and burnt alive by a mob for allegedly desecrating the Koran.

There have been instances of Christian and Hindu girls and women being abducted for forced conversion and marriage, while religious minorities suspected of blasphemy have been attacked and murdered by angry mobs.

But even the justice system is not able to provide victims with a fair trial or redress. For example a Christian woman, Asia Bibi, spent nine years on death row after being accused of blasphemy. Her conviction was ultimately overturned after an international outcry but there are many more facing death on accusations of blasphemy.

So what needs to be done?

States and civil society representatives must mark the International Day Commemorating the Victims of Acts of Violence Based on Religion or Belief uniting behind the common aim of addressing this neglected issue.

This initiative is intended to raise awareness and provide a springboard towards an action plan rather than being an end in itself. What will become of this day is up to all states, civil society and individuals. Everyone needs to play their role in making this a meaningful day – one that can bring a change to the lives of the people targeted for their religion or belief.

Any action plan needs to address the different types of atrocities perpetrated in different parts of the world and improve human rights by adjusting them to international standards. Introducing mechanisms to strengthen implementation and oversight would be key. Also, placing more focus on criminal prosecutions would help deter crime and human rights violations.

The Bishop of Truro, Philip Mounstephen, published a report in July 2019 into the Foreign and Commonwealth Office’s response to the persecution of Christians around the world. The report contains several recommendations on how to strengthen its response.

The report says more should be done to obtain reliable information about the situation of persecuted communities. It calls on the FCO to introduce new implementation mechanisms to strengthen its response to persecution and champion the international efforts on combating impunity for mass atrocities based on religion or belief. While the recommendations were written with the UK’s FCO in mind, these are valid recommendations that could be adopted by other states as well.

As Lord Ahmad – the minister of state for the Commonwealth, the UN and South Asia – has emphasised:

Our biggest challenge is not when we stand up for our own rights and beliefs. The real test is when we stand up for the rights and beliefs of others.

Ewelina U. Ochab is a legal researcher and human rights advocate, Ph.D. candidate and author of the book “Never Again: Legal Responses to a Broken Promise in the Middle East” and more than 30 UN reports. She works on the topic of persecution of minorities around the world. This piece was republished from The Conversation.